vaninii.Īltogether, this report firstly provided new findings that can be inspiring for further in-depth studies to exploit bioactive microbial resources for increased production of Sanghuangporus via coculture, as well as to explore the relationship between macrofungi and their associated endophytes. Furthermore, the endophytic fungi were assigned into three trophic modes of “saprotroph” (53.2%), “symbiotroph” (32.2%), and “pathotroph” (14.1%), in which the category of “plant pathogen” was highest enriched with relative abundance of 91.8%, indicating that the endophytic fungi may have the potential to adjust the growth and metabolism of host S. Simultaneously, the reads allocated into non-host fungal operational taxonomic units were largely dominated by Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Sordariales, Mortierellaceae, and Mortierella. Total 11 phyla, 34 classes, 84 orders, 186 families, and 328 genera were identified in the fruiting body, and our results revealed that the fungal community was dominated by the host fungal taxonomy with absolute superiority (more than 70%), namely, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Hymenochaetales, Hymenochaetaceae, and genus of Phellinus corrected to Sanghuangporus. vaninii were characterized by high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild tool for the first time. Here, the diversity and functional group of fungi associated with the fruiting body of the most widely applied S. Nevertheless, there is no report on the fungal diversity of Sanghuangporus, a medicinal and edible homologous macrofungus as “forest gold”, which has good effects on antioxidation, boosting immunity and curing stomachache. The microbial symbionts of macrofungal fruiting body have been shown to play momentous roles in host growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Keys to the two new genera and the Inonotus sensu stricto, and to species of each new genus are provided. are described, and their distinctive characters are discussed. Ten species are transferred to Sanghuangporus and seven to Tropicoporus. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence indicates that Clades B and C are new genera, and Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus are introduced in this study. Clade A, the core Inonotus clade, contains the generic type, Inonotus hispidus, while Clades B and C comprise species from the Inonotus linteus complex. Taking into consideration the phylogenies inferred from the nLSU and ITS datasets, Inonotus is a polyphyletic genus comprising at least three clades. nLSU (53 with 13 new) and ITS (70 with 18 new) datasets were used to produce the phylogenetic results. To explore the phylogenetic placement of species of Inonotus linteus complex, we performed a comprehensive study using morphological and phylogenetic data based on global samples. However, whether species in this complex belong to Inonotus has not specifically been addressed. The species number of Inonotus linteus complex has been increased in China and tropical America in recent publications. Although Inonotus linteus complex is placed in the genus Inonotus, its perennial basidiocarps with a dimitic hyphal system, at least in the trama, distinguish the complex from other species in the genus, which have an annual habit and a monomitic hyphal system.
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